Unit 4 - Function

What is a function?

A function is a reason why we communicate. Every time we speak or write, we do so for a reason. What we say has a purpose or function. Here are some examples of functions:

Apologising     greeting     clarifying     inviting     advising     agreeing     disagreeing     refusing     thanking     interrupting     expressing obligation     expressing preferences

We can describe language itself in terms of its grammar or its lexis. Functions are a way of describing how we use language. When we describe the functions of language we focus on the use of the language and its meaning for the people who are in the context where it is used.

Context	Exponent	Function
A boy wants to go to the cinema with his friends tonight. He says:	“Let’s go to the cinema tonight.”	Suggesting/making a suggestion about going to the cinema
A girl meets some people for the first time. She wants to get to know them. She says:	“Hello. My name’s Emilia.”	Introducing yourself
A customer doesn’t understand what a shop assistant has just said. The customer says:	“Sorry, what do you mean?”	Asking for clarification (asking someone to explain something)
A girl writes a letter to a relative thanking her for a birthday present. She writes:	“Thank you so much for my lovely…”	Thanking someone for a present

Reference:
Spratt, M., Pulverness, A., & Williams, M. (2012). The TKT Teaching Knowledge Test Course Modules 1,2 and 3 (Vol. Second edition). United Kingdom: Cambridge English.